Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease(HFMD)

HFMD is a common Childhood infection in Singapore. There was an huge outbreak of HFMD in August 2010 with over 30,000 reported cases.  Stringent control measures including the mandatory closure of childcare centers and preschools with significant case number had to be implemented as a result. Fortunately, deaths from HFMD were very rare and no mortality was reported in 2010.

1.    Cause

HFMD is an illness caused by intestinal viruses

2.    Symptoms

After being exposed to HFMD virus for 3-5 days, patients suffer from fever, malaise and sore throat, which are usually followed by the rash
(characteristic fluid-filled blisters appear on the hands, feet, and inside the mouth) 1-2 days later. Others include mouth ulcers, poor appetite, vomiting and diarrhoea.

3.    People affected

The disease usually infects children and is more common in children of younger age.

4.    Target organs or target areas

Hand, foot and mouth are usually affected as its name                 specifies.

5.    Routes for spread

Direct contact with discharges from nose or mouth, faeces or skin lesions of infected people and indirect contact with contaminated articles can cause one to be infected with HFMD. During the first week of infection, the infected patient is the most contagious.

6.    Prevention

·         Affected children should stay at home and avoid contact with other children until they have recovered.

·         Disinfect premises and contaminated articles with diluted bleach solution, using one part of household bleach and 
nine parts of water.

·         Maintain high standards of personal hygiene and wash hands thoroughly.