Influenza

1.    Cause

Influenza is caused by the flu virus which has 3 main types: flu A, flu B and flu C. Flu A and flu B are responsible for seasonal outbreaks and epidemic. Between the two types, Flu A causes more severe cases and complications like pneumonia especially in the elderly, the very young, and those with chronic conditions.

2.    Symptoms

Symptoms include high fever, sore throat, coughing, headache, muscle aches, stuffy nose, sneezing, nasal discharge, loss of appetite, fatigue, weakness, chills, and stomach symptoms.

3.    People affected

People of any age can be affected. Older people and young children are at risk of serious flu complications like pneumonia. Complications are secondary diseases that are formed in addition to the existing disease.

4.    Target organ or target area

Dengue virus attacks the respiratory tract in humans (nose, throat, and lungs), causing inflammation of the mucous membranes.

5.    Routes for spread

It is spread via droplet infection through coughing, sneezing and inhalations of the infective droplets with virus by a nearby person. Influenza virus is also known to be able to survive on hard, non porous surfaces for up to 2 days, therefore contact of such respiratory secretions on tables, door knobs, etc can also lead to infection indirectly when one unknowingly uses his/her contaminated hands to rub his/her nose or mouth. Transmission can also occur when an infected person shares food with others during mealtime without a serving spoon.

6.    Prevention

 Flu vaccination is the best protection for you 
against the flu. A yearly vaccination is recommended.

•         Having good personal hygiene and being socially responsible:

–        Wash your hands thoroughly and regularly with soap and water, especially before touching your eyes, nose or mouth.

–        Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue 
when coughing or sneezing.

–        Wear a surgical mask if you are unwell.

–        See a doctor if you are feeling unwell.

–        Do not go to school or work when you are ill.

–        Never spit in public places.

–        When sharing food at meal times, always use 
a serving spoon.

•         Leading a healthy lifestyle:

–        Eat a balanced diet, including plenty of fruits and vegetables.

–        Do 30 minutes of physical activity at least 5 days a week.

–        Have enough sleep and rest, and keep stress levels low.